I would like to know what is the difference between surface mounted and flush mounted when doing a panel installation? What are the differences between them in the actual construction process, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of these two installation methods?
I’d appreciate it if someone could answer my questions and I’d like to address this issue as well! 
In my understanding of both mounting types, surface mounted is the case where the junction box is not mounted in the wall. Flush mounted is when the junction box is placed inside the wall.
The following is an example of two mounting types:
Surface mounted:
Flush mounted:
Compared to these two mounting types, Surface mounted is easier to install and maintain but less aesthetically pleasing. Flush mounted requires that the mounting space be reserved, and the necessary cables be placed inside the wall. This mounting type is more aesthetically pleasing but more challenging to repair or replace.
If you have any other questions, please discuss them in the comments below!
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Is a back box required for flush mounting?
I recommend that you install a back box for flush mounting. If you don’t install a back box, it will be very inconvenient during the Wall Plate mounting process.